These days， it is up to current stars like Tiger Woods and David Duval to keep spectators glued to the TV set。
现在，高尔夫则靠当红球星泰格？伍兹和大卫？杜瓦的魅力吸引球迷通过电视观看比赛。
More than 23 million players exist in the United States alone， and they are all likely to tell you the same thing about golf： There’s nothing like it！
仅仅在美国就有2300万人从事高尔夫运动，对于高尔夫，他们可能会异口同声地说：“没有比它更好的运动了！”
A typical golf course consists of eighteen holes but nine－hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of eighteen holes。
一个典型的高尔夫球场有18个洞，但9洞球场组成是常见的，可以玩两次，一次性全满十八洞通过。
The first shot to hit， “a hole” （Hole in One）， that is， wood tee off the credit limit。
第一杆就打出“一杆进洞”，那就是开球木杆功劳的极限。
Golf is more of a family activity than it has ever been。
与以往不同的是，高尔夫球现在更多的是一种家庭活动。
The ways in which people consume golf is evolving， as are the ways in which golf is impacting our lives。
人们进行高尔夫消费的方式，同样也是高尔夫运动影响人们生活的方式。
Now there is a popular and acceptation by most scholars version that it originated in the 15th century or earlier in Scotland。 So far， it may have five hundred years of history， and golf has become the world’s most popular sports from casual games that people spend time。
现广为流传并为大部分学者接受的说法是它起源于15世纪或更早的苏格兰，迄今为止已有500多年的历史，已由当初人们消磨时光的民间休闲游戏发展成为当今世界上最为风行的体育项目之一。
A sand trap serves as an obstacle on a golf course。
沙洞在高尔夫球比赛中用作障碍物。
In addition to the officially printed rules， golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette。
除了正式印制的规则，球员也遵循高尔夫礼仪准则。
Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety， fairness， pace of play， and a player’s obligation to contribute to the care of the course。
礼仪准则涉及诸如安全、公平、打球速度的问题和球员的义务，以促进比赛顺利进行。
A golf handicap is like a ranking， the lower your handicap is， and the better player you are。
Golf handicap有点像排名，是指高尔夫比赛中的标准杆数，标准杆的杆数越少，选手的水平就越高。
Golf etiquette is one of the most important parts of the game of golf。 That is the reason why golf is called the sport of gentlemen。
高尔夫礼仪作为高尔夫运动最重要的组成部分，是区别于其他运动项目的特点之一，因此高尔夫也被称为“绅士运动”。
The love of the game， the understanding of the traditions and the respect for those with whom you play， all come together in the golf etiquette you exhibit on the course。
通过你的场上表现，人们可以观察到你是否热爱这项运动，理解它的传统，并尊重一起打球的同伴，进而对你个人的教养和人品做出评价。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Peter： Hey， Jack， I want to learn how to play golf。
皮特：嗨，杰克，我想学打高尔夫球。
Jack： You’re really sporty！
杰克：你真是运动迷！
Peter： I want to do everything I can。
皮特：能做的我都想做。
Jack： Do you have clubs？
杰克：有球杆吗？
Peter： No。 Can I rent clubs？
皮特：没有。能租吗？
Jack： There are clubs for beginners。 It’s cheaper to buy those rather than rent them a few times。
杰克：有专门为初学者准备的球杆，学习用的而球杆不贵，租几次的钱就买下来了。
Peter： What kinds of clubs？
皮特：哪种球杆？
Jack： Like the seven－piece set。 It’s only ＄160。
杰克：是那种7个球杆一套的，只要160美元。
Peter： I’ll buy a set。 But you have to teach me。
皮特：我就买那套。可是你要教我。
Jack： This little wooden stick is called a tee。
杰克：这个小木棍叫梯。
Peter： What do you do with it？
皮特：它有什么作用？
Jack： For the first drive， put the golf ball on the tee， and push the tee into the ground。
杰克：打第一杆时，把球和梯放在一起，插到地上。
Peter： OK。
皮特：好。
Jack： Position yourself， swinging the club， watch the ball and hit it as hard as you can。
杰克：站好方向，抡起球杆，盯着球，尽力使劲打。
Peter： Hey！
皮特：嘿！
Jack： Not too bad。 The goal is to get the ball into the hole with as few hits as possible。
杰克：不错。打球的目的是尽量用最少的杆数把球打进洞。
Peter： Got it。
皮特：我懂了。
Skiing
滑雪
旅游滑雪是出于娱乐、健身的目的，受人为因素制约程度很轻，男女老幼均可在雪场上轻松、愉快地滑行，饱享滑雪运动的无穷乐趣。由于高山滑雪具有惊险、优美、自如、动感强、魅力大、可参与面广的特点，故高山滑雪被人们视为滑雪运动的精华和象征，更是旅游滑雪的首选和主体项目。通常情况下，评估人们滑雪技术水平的高低，多以高山滑雪为尺度。
Realize Skiing
认识滑雪运动
1滑雪运动面面观
Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for traveling over snow。 Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding。
Skiing can be grouped into two general categories。 The older of the two disciplines originated in Scandinavia and uses free－heel bindings that attach at the toes of the skier’s boots but not at the heels。 Types of Nordic skiing include cross－country， ski jumping and Telemark。 Alpine skiing （more often called “downhill skiing”）， originated in the European Alps， and is characterized by fixed－heel bindings that attach at both the toe and the heel of the skier’s boot。
Skiing competition is organized by the International Ski Federation， which is responsible for development of rules and scheduling of competitions worldwide in alpine skiing， cross country skiing， freestyle skiing， Nordic combined and ski jumping。 Competition is managed in each country by its national association。 The U。S。 Ski and Snowboard Association is responsible for competitive skiing in America。
Skiing is so popular in today’s life， that it has been the main motif for many collectors’ coins and medals。 One of the most recent one is the Austrian 5 Euro 100 Years of Skiing commemorative coin， minted on January 26， 2005。 The design shows a snow crystal symbolizing winter sport with a downhill skier racing through the crystal。
Many different types of skiing are popular， especially in colder climates， and many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee （IOC）， the International Ski Federation （FIS）， and other sporting organizations， such as the U。S。 Ski and Snowboard Association in America。 Skiing is most visible to the public during the Winter Olympic Games where it is a major sport。
2滑雪类型的表达方式
（1） Alpine skiing高山滑雪
Alpine skiing is also called downhill skiing。 Typically， downhill skiing takes place at a ski resort with specified ski pistes or ski runs。 Ski resorts that offer downhill skiing exist all over the world in cold climate areas。
（2）Freestyle skiing花样滑雪
Alpine Freestyle （高山花样滑雪） ： This kind of skiing employs the use of aerial acrobatics and balance， balance being necessary for rails。
Freestyle／Newschool（自由式滑雪） ： Freestyle skiing is the type of skiing with which tricks are usually associated。
（3）Nordic skiing越野与跳台混合滑雪
Nordic Skiing： Also called Cross－country skiing or Cross－country racing。 Take its name from a type of ski race that is one third up， one third down， and one third flat。
（4）Military skiing军事滑雪
In addition to its role in recreation and sport， skiing is also used as a means of transport by the military， and many armies train troops for ski warfare。
（5）other styles其他类型