书城外语我的第一本英语百科全书
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第51章 倒装句型

Lesson 52

Here/There...

句型“Here/There...”属于主谓倒装,该句型的标准形式是“副词+谓语动词+名词”。由于副词位于句首所以需要倒装,如果主语是代词时,则不需要倒装。

征服句型

Here you are!

给你!

Here comes your father.

你爸爸来了。

Here come your salad and steak.

你的沙拉和牛排来了。

There goes your best friend.

你最好的朋友走了。

There comes your new coat.

那是你的新衣服。

Tips

与本句型相似的副词除了“here/there”还有表示时间的副词“now/then”,表示地点和方向的副词、介词“away/out/off/up/down/under”等。例如:Under your book lies a pen.你的书下面有一只钢笔。

Lesson 53

Only... 只是/只有……

句型“Only...”的标准形式是“Only+状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语”,属于主谓倒装。“only”置于句首是一种强调倒装,被“only”修饰的状语可以是副词或短语或从句。

征服句型

Only by chance did I hear that Mary got married three years ago.

我是偶然听说玛丽三年就结婚了。

Only in this way can our team beat them.

只有通过这样的方式我们才能打败他们。

Only by working hard can my senior middle school students pass the college entrance examination.

只有努力学习我的高中学生们才能通过高考。

Only after I had seen myself did I know that there is such a beautiful wonderland on earth.

只有在亲眼看见以后才能知道人间竟有这样美丽的仙境。

Only when he dropped with overwork, did he ever stay at home.

他只有工作过度累倒了,才会在家休息。

Tips

被强调的状语一般有三种情况:副词、介词短语和状语从句。一般用“when”来引导从句。例如:Only when his father appears, does he settle down. 只有他爸爸出现,他才会安静下来。

Lesson 54

So/nor/neither+谓语+主语

句型“So/nor/neither+谓语+主语”是主谓倒装,多用助词在代替实意动词。

“so+动词+语”用于肯定句,表示某人或物与前者相同的肯定,翻译为“……也一样”。“neither/nor+动词+主语”用于否定句,表示某人或物与前者相同的否定意义,翻译为“……也不……”。

征服句型

My bag has three apples, so has a pear.

我的包里有三只苹果还有一只梨子。

My good son is a teacher, so is my daughter.

我优秀的儿子是老师,我的女儿也是。

Your eyes were suffused with tears at graduation party yesterday, so were mine.

昨晚在毕业晚会上你热泪盈眶,我也是一样。

My father never smokes, neither does your father.

我爸爸从不吸烟,你爸爸也是。

Li Duohai can speak Chinese, so can Pang.

李多海会说中文,庞也会。

Tips

在别人所说的情况加以肯定并且主语与上文的主语相同时,用“so+主语+do”的结构,这里不要用倒装。“nor+主语+do”的用法相同。例如:——Lucy can’t speak Chinese.——Nor she can. ——露西不会说中文。—— 她确实不会。

Lesson 55

Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语其他部分+……,+主语 如果/就……句型“Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语其他部分+……,+主语”属于省去“if ”的虚拟条件从句所引起的倒装。当“if ”虚拟条件从句的谓语动词中含有“were、had、could、should”,则可以将if省去,而将从句的主语置于“were、had、should、could”后,翻译为“如果……/就……”。

征服句型

Were I you, I would elect to trust your boyfriend.

如果我是你,我会选择相信你的男朋友。

Should it rain, we would have a dinner at home.

如果下雨,我们会在家吃饭。

Had he seen you last week, he would have given you a bigger surprise.

如果他上个星期就看见你,他就会给你一个更大的惊喜。

Had this couple a child, they should have lived more happy.

如果这对夫妻有一个小孩,他们应该可以生活得更加幸福。

Should Tom remain his strong resource, his brother would have solved his economic crisis quickly.

如果汤姆保持他强大的财力,他的哥哥会很快解决他的经济危机。

Tips

如果本句型的虚拟条件从句中含有否定词“not”,应该将其放在主语之后。例如:Had your mother not seen mine, she would not have known your bad news. 如果你的妈妈没有遇见我的妈妈,她将不会知道你的坏消息。

Lesson 56

However/No matter how...,+主句

句型“However/No matter how...,+主句”中的“however”和“no matter how”引导让步从句,然而“however”多用于书面语,“no matter how”多用于口语,用于句首时从句要倒装。

征服句型

No matter how many this heap of books are, I’ll finish them in a week.

不管这堆书有多多,我也要在一个星期内

看完。

However what present he gives me, I’ll not excuse him.

不管他送我什么样的礼物,我都不会原谅他。

No matter how difficult this exercise is, I’ll insist on answering it.

无论这条练习题有多难,我都会坚持把它解答出来。

No matter how heavy it will snow, our plan on trip will not delay.

无论雪会下多大,我们的出行计划不会推迟。

No matter how long it takes, I will go to Tibet all the same.

无论花多长时间,我照样会去西藏的。

Tips

可以用于本句型的疑问词还有“what、who、which、where、when”等。例如:No matter who you are, I will love you forever. 无论你是谁,我都会永远爱你。

Lesson 57

表语+as/though...,+主句

此句型是让步状语从句中表语的倒装,表语提到关联词之前。“As”和“though”引导的让步状语从句中,表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、名词。被倒装的动词原形常与“may、might、will、would”这几个词连用,而这几个词都要保留在原来的位置上,倒装在句首的动词原形一般多为不及物动词。本句型多表示尽管的意思。

征服句型

Hot as the weather is, we still work outside.

尽管天气这么热,我们仍然要在外面工作。

Child as Tom is, he has sold papers in the street.

尽管汤姆是个孩子,他已经在街边卖报纸了。

Little as I liked it, I accepted it.

尽管我不喜欢,我还是接受了。

Try as she might, Mary could not find her dream lover.

尽管她非常努力,玛丽还是找不到她的梦中情人。

Hard as he studied, he can’t catch the others.

尽管他学习很刻苦,他还是追不上别人的

成绩。

Tips

与本句型相似的句型有“表语+that...,+主语”。在句中“that”是连词,它引导的让步状语从句中只把形容词和名词提到“that”前面。例如:Young that he is, he has a plenty of experience. 尽管他年轻,但是他有着丰富的经验。

Lesson 58

The more...,the more...

句型“The more...,the more...”是一个复合句,一般第一句是状语从句,第二句是主句。由“the”引导的词组一定要置于句首,是倒装句。如果“the”引导的主语是代词,一般不用倒装。句中的谓语动词是系动词时可以省略。句中的两个“the”有时可以同时省略,表示“越……,就越……”。

征服句型

The more you thought, the sadder you were.

你想得越多,你越悲伤。

The older he is, the more experience he has.

他越老越有经验。

The sooner, the better.

越快越好。

The more lies you tell, the deeper you get into.

你说的谎言越多,你就陷得越深。

The more you eat, the fatter you will be.

你吃的越多,你就会越胖。

Tips

该句型实为“The..., the...”的比较级用法。例如:The sooner, the better. 越快越好。