Fast food chains have come under criticism over concerns ranging from claimed negative health effects， alleged animal cruelty， cases of worker exploitation， and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people’s eating patterns away from traditional foods。
快餐连锁店受到的批评包括：对健康的负面影响，动物残杀，对员工的剥削以及通过使人们改变对传统食物的食用改变其饮食结构以达到文化降格。
McDonald’s restaurants are found in 119 countries and territories around the world and serve 58 million customers each day。
麦当劳在全世界119个国家和地区都有分店，每天服务约5800万顾客。
Most standalone McDonald’s restaurants offer both counter service and drive－through service， with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating。
独立的麦当劳的餐厅提供柜台服务和驾车通过服务，一般在室内和室外都有座位设置。
KFC in the US has been accused by Greenpeace of a large destruction of the Amazon Rainforest， because the supply of soy used for chicken food。
肯德基在美国受绿色和平组织的指控，他们为提供鸡食用的大豆而破坏亚马逊森林。
KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods。
肯德基在它的食品中部分使用氢化油。
Fast food is very poor in vitamins and minerals。
快餐中缺乏维生素和矿物质。
Fast food business has developed tremendously in the past 50 years。 Nowadays people will see all kinds of fast food restaurants here and there。
过去50年，快餐业发展迅速。现在快餐店随处可见。
The concept of ready－cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development。
熟食的售卖概念和城市发展是紧密联系的。
Nearly from its inception， fast food has been designed to be eaten “on the go”， often does not require traditional cutlery， and is eaten as a finger food。
自产生开始，快餐就被设计为边走边吃的东西，通常不需要传统的道具，而是往往用手指食用。
In the United States alone， consumers spent about US＄110 billion on fast food in 2000。
单单在美国，2000年，消费者就花费了1100亿美元在快餐上。
Fast food does raise health concerns。 However， if careful， you can find some options on the menu of a fast food restaurant that could be healthier。
快餐的确引发人们对健康的担忧。但是如果在快餐菜单上仔细选择，还是可以吃得健康的。
It is a fact that fast food is unhealthier than home－cooked meals， as they contain higher amounts of salt， fats and calories。
快餐比家庭自制食物要更不健康是因为它高盐分，高脂肪和高热量。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Emily： Do you usually have fast food for lunch？
艾米丽：你中午经常吃快餐吗？
Mike： Yeah， I usually have it at McDonald’s or KFC。
麦克：是的，经常在麦当劳或者肯德基吃午餐。
Emily： I don’t like the food there。
艾米丽：我不怎么喜欢那里的食物。
Mike： The most important thing is that the speed is really fast， so you can save a lot of time。
麦克：最重要的是，速度很快，可以节省很多时间。
Emily： I agree with you。 But food there is not healthy。 It contains high amount of fat and calories。
艾米丽：我同意，但是食物不健康，那里的东西都是高脂肪、高热量。
Mike： I am just too busy to cook。 There is no other way。
麦克：我太忙，往往没有时间自己做饭，这是没有办法的事情。
Emily： You may bring meal for yourself。 Nowadays， there are usually refrigerator and micro waver in the office。
艾米丽： 你可以自己带饭，现在很多公司在办公室里都有冰箱和微波炉。
Mike： Yes， there are。 It might be a good idea。
麦克：公司里有，也许是个不错的主意。
Emily： You can cook the food as lunch for the next day， and then put it in the refrigerator。
艾米丽：你可以在晚上做好第二天中午的食物，然后放到冰箱里。
Mike： Good idea。 Just like the lunch package。
麦克：对，就像盒饭一样。
Emily： The lunch package is very popular in Britain。 But what British bring is usually home－made sandwiches。
艾米丽： 盒饭在英国也很流行的，不过英国人一般都是自备三明治做午餐。
Mike： It can also save a lot of money。 But there is one more question that my cooking is not so good。
麦克：自带盒饭还可以节省开销。但有个问题是我厨艺不佳。
Emily： Maybe I can prepare more so we can share together。
艾米丽： 也许我可以多准备一点，到时候一起分享。
Mike： Really。 Isn’t it inconvenient？
麦克：真的吗？不会不方便吧。
Emily： Of course not。 Home－made food is much healthier than fast food。
艾米丽： 不会，自制的食物可比快餐有营养。
Mike： Thanks a lot。
麦克：谢谢。
Italian Dishes
意大利美食
有人问西餐之母是哪国菜？我想大部分人会说是法国菜吧，现在我郑重地告诉大家，西餐之母是意大利菜！意大利民族是一个热爱美食的民族，他们在饮食方面有着悠久的历史，如同他们的艺术、时装和汽车，总是喜欢精心制作。意大利美食典雅高贵，且浓重朴实，讲究原汁原味。意大利菜系非常丰富，菜品成千上万，除了大家耳熟能详的比萨饼和意大利面，它的海鲜和甜品也闻名遐迩。
Realize Italian Dishes
认识意大利美食
1意大利美食的风格特色
The old saying “the Italian food is just composed of about twenty dishes” found at the Italian restaurants in the United States is quite false。 Actually， Italian food has an extensive variety and it differs really throughout the world。 The diverse regional Italian cuisines present in Italy takes cues from surrounding inhabitants and spices it up with a lot of local inspiration to offer the unique Italian cuisine。 An attractive example of the famous Italian food is the cuisine from the area of Friuli－Venezia Giulia。
The words “Italian cooking” make many people think hungrily of pizza， ravioli， and spaghetti smothered in tomato sauce。 Juicy tomatoes， cheese， and tasty noodles are certainly used often by Italian cooks。 However， there is much more to Italian cuisine。
Heritage and family are two of the most important ingredients in all Italian cooking。 Gathering friends and family around the table to share a meal is a highly valued part of social life in Italy。 And just as every region of this varied land has a culinary specialty， so does every household and kitchen。
But as traditional as it is， Italian cooking is also very flexible。 Most dishes require only a few simple ingredients， and these may vary seasonally and even daily。 Italian cooks like to shop every day to ensure that their dishes include only the freshest， most flavorful foods。
Italians like to eat the roast leg of lamb， steak and other dishes which tastes mellow。 And all kinds of noodles， fried rice， wonton， dumplings， noodle。 Italian cuisine just be as its culture： noble， elegant， unique taste。
Even after the unification of Italy， regional differences remained。 The people of each region in Italy have developed their own ways of doing things——especially in the kitchen。 They are very proud of their distinctive cooking styles and passed down their family recipes from generation to generation。
2意大利食品表达方式
Spaghetti with meatballs意式肉丸意面
Garlic bread香蒜面包
Chicken rice doria意式鸡皇焗饭
Veal parmigian （veal topped with sauce and cheese）芝士小牛肉
Shrimp marinara （tantalizing prawns with spaghetti）大虾意面
Cold seafood salad海鲜沙律
Fettuccine alla carbonara （spaghetti with a creamy white sauce）白汁意大利面Pizza意大利式烤馅饼
Lasagna （flat pasta noodle with meat sauce）意式千层阔面
Spaghetti with meat sauce意式肉酱意面
Spaghetti with tomato sauce蕃茄酱意面
Spaghetti alla bucaniera （spaghetti with seafood）海鲜意面
Salami萨拉米香肠
Pasta alfredo白汁意大利面食