Whether Johnson had previously read Oldham's imitation,I do not know;but it is not a little remarkable,that there is scarcely any coincidence found between the two performances,though upon the very same subject.
Johnson's London was published in May,1738;and it is remarkable,that it came out on the same morning with Pope's satire,entitled '1738;'so that England had at once its Juvenal and Horace as poetical monitors.The Reverend Dr.Douglas,now Bishop of Salisbury,to whom I am indebted for some obliging communications,was then a student at Oxford,and remembers well the effect which London produced.Every body was delighted with it;and there being no name to it,the first buz of the literary circles was 'here is an unknown poet,greater even than Pope.'And it is recorded in the Gentleman's Magazine of that year,that it 'got to the second edition in the course of a week.'
One of the warmest patrons of this poem on its first appearance was General Oglethorpe,whose 'strong benevolence of soul,'was unabated during the course of a very long life;though it is painful to think,that he had but too much reason to become cold and callous,and discontented with the world,from the neglect which he experienced of his publick and private worth,by those in whose power it was to gratify so gallant a veteran with marks of distinction.This extraordinary person was as remarkable for his learning and taste,as for his other eminent qualities;and no man was more prompt,active,and generous,in encouraging merit.Ihave heard Johnson gratefully acknowledge,in his presence,the kind and effectual support which he gave to his London,though unacquainted with its authour.
Pope,who then filled the poetical throne without a rival,it may reasonably be presumed,must have been particularly struck by the sudden appearance of such a poet;and,to his credit,let it be remembered,that his feelings and conduct on the occasion were candid and liberal.He requested Mr.Richardson,son of the painter,to endeavour to find out who this new authour was.Mr.
Richardson,after some inquiry,having informed him that he had discovered only that his name was Johnson,and that he was some obscure man,Pope said;'he will soon be deterre.'We shall presently see,from a note written by Pope,that he was himself afterwards more successful in his inquiries than his friend.
While we admire the poetical excellence of this poem,candour obliges us to allow,that the flame of patriotism and zeal for popular resistance with which it is fraught,had no just cause.
There was,in truth,no 'oppression;'the 'nation'was NOT'cheated.'Sir Robert Walpole was a wise and a benevolent minister,who thought that the happiness and prosperity of a commercial country like ours,would be best promoted by peace,which he accordingly maintained,with credit,during a very long period.Johnson himself afterwards honestly acknowledged the merit of Walpole,whom he called 'a fixed star;'while he characterised his opponent,Pitt,as 'a meteor.'But Johnson's juvenile poem was naturally impregnated with the fire of opposition,and upon every account was universally admired.
Though thus elevated into fame,and conscious of uncommon powers,he had not that bustling confidence,or,I may rather say,that animated ambition,which one might have supposed would have urged him to endeavour at rising in life.But such was his inflexible dignity of character,that he could not stoop to court the great;without which,hardly any man has made his way to a high station.
He could not expect to produce many such works as his London,and he felt the hardships of writing for bread;he was,therefore,willing to resume the office of a schoolmaster,so as to have a sure,though moderate income for his life;and an offer being made to him of the mastership of a school,provided he could obtain the degree of Master of Arts,Dr.Adams was applied to,by a common friend,to know whether that could be granted him as a favour from the University of Oxford.But though he had made such a figure in the literary world,it was then thought too great a favour to be asked.
Pope,without any knowledge of him but from his London,recommended him to Earl Gower,who endeavoured to procure for him a degree from Dublin.
It was,perhaps,no small disappointment to Johnson that this respectable application had not the desired effect;yet how much reason has there been,both for himself and his country,to rejoice that it did not succeed,as he might probably have wasted in obscurity those hours in which he afterwards produced his incomparable works.
About this time he made one other effort to emancipate himself from the drudgery of authourship.He applied to Dr.Adams,to consult Dr.Smalbroke of the Commons,whether a person might be permitted to practice as an advocate there,without a doctor's degree in Civil Law.'I am (said he)a total stranger to these studies;but whatever is a profession,and maintains numbers,must be within the reach of common abilities,and some degree of industry.'Dr.Adams was much pleased with Johnson's design to employ his talents in that manner,being confident he would have attained to great eminence.
As Mr.Pope's note concerning Johnson,alluded to in a former page,refers both to his London,and his Marmor Norfolciense,I have deferred inserting it till now.I am indebted for it to Dr.Percy,the Bishop of Dromore,who permitted me to copy it from the original in his possession.It was presented to his Lordship by Sir Joshua Reynolds,to whom it was given by the son of Mr.